The pigmentation of fruits, specifically those belonging to the Malus domestica species, exhibits a spectrum influenced by several factors. The visible spectrum displayed by these fruits can range from green to yellow, red, and even shades of pink, depending on cultivar and environmental conditions. For instance, a ‘Granny Smith’ typically presents a green hue, while a ‘Red Delicious’ is known for its intense red skin.
The coloration of these fruits is not merely aesthetic; it serves crucial functions. The development of red pigments, primarily anthocyanins, is often stimulated by sunlight exposure and cooler temperatures. These compounds act as antioxidants and protect the fruit from UV damage. Furthermore, the attractiveness of certain shades can influence seed dispersal by attracting specific animals. Historically, color has been a key characteristic used in the classification and selective breeding of different varieties.
